Batch normalisation – trainable and non trainable – day 27

Demystifying Trainable and Non-Trainable Parameters in Batch Normalization Batch normalization (BN) is a powerful technique used in deep learning to stabilize and accelerate training. The core idea behind BN is to normalize the output of a previous layer by subtracting the batch mean and dividing by the batch standard deviation. This is expressed by the following general formula: \[\hat{x} = \frac{x – \mu_B}{\sqrt{\sigma_B^2 + \epsilon}}\]\[y = \gamma \hat{x} + \beta\] Where: Why This Formula is Helpful The normalization step ensures that the input to each layer has a consistent distribution, which addresses the problem of “internal covariate shift”—where the distribution...

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417

Batch normalisation part 2 – day 26

Introduction to Batch Normalization Batch normalization is a widely used technique in deep learning that significantly improves the performance and stability of neural networks. Introduced by Sergey Ioffe and Christian Szegedy in 2015, this technique addresses the issues of vanishing and exploding gradients that can occur during training, particularly in deep networks. Why Batch Normalization? In deep learning, as data propagates through the layers of a neural network, it can lead to shifts in the distribution of inputs to layers deeper in the network—a phenomenon known as internal covariate shift. This shift can cause issues such as vanishing gradients, where...

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93

Batch Normalization – day 25

Understanding Batch Normalization in Deep Learning Understanding Batch Normalization in Deep Learning Deep learning has revolutionized numerous fields, from computer vision to natural language processing. However, training deep neural networks can be challenging due to issues like unstable gradients. In particular, gradients can either explode (grow too large) or vanish (shrink too small) as they propagate through the network. This instability can slow down or completely halt the learning process. To address this, a powerful technique called Batch Normalization was introduced. The Problem: Unstable Gradients In deep networks, the issue of unstable gradients becomes more pronounced as the network depth...

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43

Weight initialazation part 2 – day 23

Understanding Weight Initialization Strategies in Deep Learning: 2024 Updates and Key Techniques Understanding Weight Initialization Strategies in Deep Learning: 2024 Updates and Key Techniques Deep learning has revolutionized machine learning, enabling us to solve complex tasks that were previously unattainable. A critical factor in the success of these models is the initialization of their weights. Proper weight initialization can significantly impact the speed and stability of the training process, helping to avoid issues like vanishing or exploding gradients. In this blog post, we’ll explore some of the most widely-used weight initialization strategies—LeCun, Glorot, and He initialization—and delve into new advancements...

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127

How Create API by Deep Learning to Earn Money and what is the Best Way for Mac Users – Breaking studies on Day 22

How to Make Money by Creating APIs for Deep Learning – Part 1 Creating APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for deep learning presents numerous opportunities to monetize your skills and knowledge in the rapidly expanding field of artificial intelligence (AI). Whether you’re an individual developer or a business, offering APIs that leverage deep learning models can be a lucrative venture. Here’s a detailed guide on how to capitalize on this opportunity. 1. Understanding the Value of Deep Learning APIs Deep learning APIs provide a way to expose powerful machine learning models to other applications or developers, enabling them to integrate complex...

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98

Weight initialisation in Deep Learning well explained _ Day 21

  Weight Initialization in Deep Learning: Classic and Emerging Techniques Understanding the correct initialization of weights in deep learning models is crucial for effective training and convergence. This post explores both classic and advanced weight initialization strategies, providing mathematical insights and practical code examples. Part 1: Classic Weight Initialization Techniques 1. Glorot (Xavier) Initialization Glorot Initialization is designed to maintain the variance of activations across layers, particularly effective for activation functions like tanh and sigmoid. Mathematical Formula: Uniform Distribution: Normal Distribution: Code Example in Keras: from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense from tensorflow.keras.initializers import GlorotUniform, GlorotNormal # Using Glorot Uniform model.add(Dense(64, kernel_initializer=GlorotUniform(),...

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Mastering Hyperparameter Tuning & Neural Network Architectures: Exploring Bayesian Optimization_ Day 19

In conclusion, Bayesian optimization does not change the internal structure of the model—things like the number of layers, the activation functions, or the gradients. Instead, it focuses on external hyperparameters. These are settings that control how the model behaves during training and how it processes the data, but they are not part of the model’s architecture itself. For instance, in this code, Bayesian optimization adjusts: So, while the model’s internal structure—like layers and activations—remains unchanged, Bayesian optimization helps you choose the best external hyperparameters. This results in a better-performing model without needing to re-architect or directly modify the model’s components....

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29

Automatic vs Manual optimisation in Keras_. day 18

First check automatic – keras tuner – which is explained in our previous post Automated Hyperparameter Tuning in Keras Part 1: Automated Approaches for Hyperparameter Tuning in Keras Hyperparameter tuning is a crucial step in machine learning that involves finding the best set of parameters for your model to optimize its performance. Keras provides a robust toolset for this purpose through its KerasTuner library, which offers several powerful, automated methods to explore the hyperparameter space. In this section, we’ll dive into the different models and approaches available in Keras for automated hyperparameter tuning, updated with the latest in 2024. 1....

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131

Hyperparameter Tuning with Keras Tuner _ Day 17

A Comprehensive Guide to Hyperparameter Tuning with Keras Tuner Introduction In the world of machine learning, the performance of your model can heavily depend on the choice of hyperparameters. Hyperparameter tuning, the process of finding the optimal settings for these parameters, can be time-consuming and complex. This guide will walk you through the essentials of hyperparameter tuning using Keras Tuner, helping you build more efficient and effective models. Why Hyperparameter Tuning Matters Hyperparameters are critical settings that can influence the performance of your machine learning models. These include the learning rate, the number of layers in a neural network, the...

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93

TensorFlow: Using TensorBoard, Callbacks, and Model Saving in Keras _. day 16

Mastering TensorFlow: Using TensorBoard, Callbacks, and Model Saving in Keras Mastering TensorFlow: Using TensorBoard, Callbacks, and Model Saving in Keras TensorFlow and Keras provide powerful tools for building, training, and evaluating deep learning models. In this blog post, we will explore three essential techniques: Using TensorBoard for visualization Utilizing callbacks to enhance model training Saving and restoring models Using TensorBoard for Visualization TensorBoard is an interactive visualization tool that helps you understand your model’s training dynamics. It allows you to view learning curves, compare metrics between multiple runs, and analyze training statistics. Installation !pip install -q -U tensorflow tensorboard-plugin-profile Setting...

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